Tie Non: National Museum of Taiwan History/国立台湾歴史博物館

この間「国立台湾歴史博物館」に行って来た。この間と言っても、二週間前ぐらいだった。最近忙しくてブログ書く時間本当に無い。

気に入った展示物が沢山有った。でも帰って写真を見てみたら、やっぱり殆どは日本と関係有る物だ。流石マニアックだ。以上、下記のポストの内容にはかなり偏見が有るけど、それを意識しながらご覧下さい。

I went to the National Museum of Taiwan History a couple of weeks back. The museum is pretty new, and the building itself is really cool. It's laid out in such a way that it walks you through Taiwan's history from when it was settled by Austronesian-speaking peoples in the prehistoric period, through colonization by the Dutch, the pro-Ming rebels, the Qing Empire, Japan, and finally the Republic of China.

I realized though when I was looking through my photos that most of my photos were of exhibits related to the Japanese colonization. So enjoy this very truncated and biased presentation of the contents of the museum.

この博物館はかなり新しくて、外見も格好いい。
The painting below is a famous one depicting aboriginal people in Taiwan hunting.

上の絵に狩りをしている先住民が描かれている。
Japanese soldiers in the battle to take over Taiwan. Taiwan was formally ceded to Japan by the Qing Empire in 1895, but some pro-Qing forces formed a "Republic of Formosa" government and held out for a couple of months against the Japanese.

行けぇ！バンザイ！みたいな感じの、台湾に侵入した時の日本軍だ。１８９５年に清朝は清日戦争に負けて、台湾を日本に譲れた。親清の団体は「フォルモサ共和国」の政府を建てて何ヶ月日本軍に抵抗した。

フナムシの模造。

博物館の外に、でかい台湾の地図が有る。俺の足が台南の隣りに置いてある。因みに、この地図には、中華民国が支配している他の島（澎湖や馬祖など）が書いているけど、尖閣諸島や南シナ海に有る島々が書いていない。
There's a huge map of Taiwan outside the museum. This is my foot next to Tainan. I like to look for these kinds of things, so I took note of the fact that the map avoided controversy and, while it showed other islands controlled by the Republic of China (including ones like Kinmen on the coast of China) it did not include the islands under RoC control in the South China Sea, nor did it include the Senkaku Islands which are under Japanese control, but formally claimed by the RoC (and the PRC for that matter).

日本統治時代の台湾では警察の役割が大きかったから、ここに仏様に例えられている。
This poster depicts a Japanese policeman as a multi-armed Buddha. The police were in charge of many daily affairs of state in Taiwan under Japanese occupation. In rural, particularly mountainous regions, the police were often pretty much the only government presence in the area.

色っぽい。
Japanese beer posters

二宮尊徳の銅像だ。日本時代には台湾の学校にも有った。

「高砂」は台湾の別名だ。

This beer poster is for "Takasago Beer". Takasago is an old Japanese name for Formosa.

台湾の先住民の住んでいる地域の地図だ。日本統治時代の政府は初めて台湾全島を支配した政府だ。その統治を有効に実行する為に、詳しく調査をして、台湾の風土や各民俗についての情報を沢山集めた。
The map above depicts where different aboriginal groups lived in Taiwan during the Japanese period. The Japanese government was the first one to actually control the entire island, including the mountainous central areas. They accomplished this in part thanks to meticulous fieldwork, where they collected geologic and population data for the entire island.

これは中華民国政府が台湾を支配してからの教室に置いて有った札だ。政府は中国語（マンダリン）を勧めて、厳しく他の言語を圧制した。台湾は昔から言語の豊富な土地だ。先ずは、先住民の言葉が沢山有った。そして、台湾に住み着いた中華系の人は閩南語喋る人と客家語喋る人に別れていた。１８９５−１９４５は日本語が政府に唯一認められた共通語だった。そして、１９４５−現在は中国語だ。最近に成ってやっと他の言語の存在が認められる様に成って来たけど、それでも共通語じゃないし、テレビなどの影響で若い世代はだんだんマンダリン以外の言葉を使わない様に成っている。
The above plaque is one that was hung in schools after Chiang Kai-shek's RoC government took over. It says "I will speak the National Language (Mandarin). I will not speak dialect." Taiwan has always had lots of languages. The aboriginal groups in Taiwan spoke a large variety of Austronesian languages, and Chinese settlers who came to Taiwan spoke a variety of languages, with Hoklo and Hakka being the two major ones. All of these other languages were relegated to unofficial status by the Japanese government from 1895-1945, with Japanese being the only official language for use in government and school. The RoC government then from 1945 onwards has used Mandarin as the only official language of government. Until recently, other languages were all banned from public use. Other languages are now allowed by the government to exist, though their existence is still imperiled by the overwhelming presence of Mandarin in school and on TV.

中華民国のプロパガンダ。「私は中国人だ。私達は皆中国人だ。」みたいな事が書いてある。５０年間日本の統治下に有った台湾に対して、蒋介石はこう言う教育を強く押し付けた。

The above song has lyrics like "I am Chinese. All of us are Chinese." The RoC looked at the Taiwanese--who had after all been under 50 years of Japanese rule--as potentially traitorous, and certainly not Chinese enough. Along with disallowing languages aside from Mandarin, the government also instituted nationalist education that attempted to foster a sense of Chinese identity.